Exports
Description:
The exporting of goods and services is a significant driver of the U.S. economy. However, since the value of imports has exceeded exports for many years, the nation has a trade deficit. In states, exports also are an important economic driver, but international exports and exports to other states have a comparable impact on the state’s economy. Similarly, imports from other states or countries have a comparable impact on a state’s economy, causing money to leave the state. However, if a state has an international port, the portion of international imports and exports that pass through a state result in economic activity in the state.
Exports by state are limited to commodities, divided between manufactured goods, other goods (such as agricultural and mining commodities), and “re-exports.” Commodities imported into the United States that are processed in the United States and then exported are placed in the re-export category. Exports of services are not included in the state totals.
The export data by state are available back to 1996. Substate data are not available. Though monthly data are available, calendar year totals are featured on Arizona Indicators. The data are adjusted for inflation. In order to compare Arizona to the nation, the value of exports as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated.
Data Source:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/. Total exports are obtained from “Origin of Movement Exports, Origin state-based.” Commodity and country data are from “Imports and Exports.” These data are limited to the top 25 commodities and top 25 countries since 2007; complete data can be purchased from the Census Bureau. The commodities are categorized by the “Harmonized System,” not by the North American Industry Classification System.
The U. S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis produces gross domestic product by state http://www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm and the GDP deflator http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=Y (Table 1.1.9).
Data Quality Comments:
The export data do not necessarily reflect commodities manufactured, grown or mined in a state. Instead, the export data reflect the transportation origin—the state from which merchandise begins its journey to the port of export. However, if shipments are consolidated, the consolidated shipment is assigned to the state where the consolidation occurred. Because of these limitations and significant limitations in the import data, a trade balance (exports less imports) by state should not be computed.
Exports from Arizona in Millions of Inflation-Adjusted (2010) Dollars
Visualization Notes:
The inflation-adjusted dollar value of exports from Arizona fluctuates by year, with declines generally occurring during economic recessions, as in 2001-02 and 2009. Apart from these fluctuations, the real value of exports from Arizona has not shown any trend since the mid-1990s. The value of exported manufactures is considerably greater than the value of other exported commodities and re-exports combined.
Exports as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product
Visualization Notes:
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, exports from Arizona of manufactured commodities as a share of the state’s GDP was greater than the national average. Arizona’s percentage has fallen since the 1990s while the percentage has climbed since the early 2000s nationally. In the other commodities component, Arizona’s share of state GDP generally has been less than the national average. The re-export share generally has been higher in Arizona than the nation, probably due to the maquiladora program, in which manufacturing facilities in northern Mexico are paired with facilities in Arizona.
Exports from Arizona to Major Destinations in Millions of Inflation-Adjusted (2010) Dollars
Visualization Notes:
Close to one-third of the exports from Arizona go to Mexico; Canada ranks second and China third. The real value of exports to all of the leading countries was less in 2009 and 2010 than in 2007 and 2008.
Exports from Arizona of Major Commodities in Millions of Inflation-Adjusted (2010) Dollars
Visualization Notes:
With commodity exports classified into a large number of categories, no single category accounts for a large share of the total. In 2010, the value of civilian aircraft was the largest of any category, accounting for 10.9 percent of the total. Each of the other top five exported commodities comes from the high-technology electronics industry. However, the value of these electronic commodities dropped significantly between 2007 and 2010.
Data Source
U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/state/. Total exports are obtained from “Origin of Movement Exports, Origin state-based.” Commodity and country data are from “Imports and Exports.” These data are limited to the top 25 commodities and top 25 countries since 2007; complete data can be purchased from the Census Bureau. The commodities are categorized by the “Harmonized System,” not by the North American Industry Classification System.
The U. S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis produces gross domestic product by state http://www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm and the GDP deflator http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected=Y (Table 1.1.9).
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